The bullets were subsequently impacted against a rigid flat plate under controlled conditions (observed on a high-speed video camera) and the resulting deformed projectiles were re-analysed. Both intra-and inter-bullet variations were investigated, with thickness variations of the order of 200 μm commonly found along the length of all bullets and angular variations of up to 50 μm in some. A set of 20 bullets (9 mm DM11) were selected for comparison and an image-based analysis method was employed to map jacket thickness and determine the centre of gravity of each specimen. The use of a non-destructive X-ray computed tomography (CT) method has been demonstrated and validated (Kumar et al., 2011 ) the authors now apply this technique to correlate bullet impact response with jacket thickness variations. Traditionally, characteristics and internal dimensions have been analysed by physically sectioning bullets -an approach which is of restricted scope and which precludes subsequent ballistic assessment. Typically, for certification purposes, a consistent and symmetrical bullet geometry is assumed, however variations in bullet jacket dimensions can have far reaching consequences. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.ĪbstractFundamental to any ballistic armour standard is the reference projectile to be defeated. A definitive version was subsequently published in Forensic Science International, Volume 234 (2014) DOI:"Ī note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document.
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